A pitched roof is a type of roof that has a sloping or angled design rather than being flat. It is one of the most common roof styles in residential and many commercial buildings. The slope of the roof can vary in steepness, and it typically consists of two sloping sides that meet at the highest point, called the roof ridge.
Pitched roofs have several advantages, including efficient water drainage, better ventilation, and an attractive architectural appeal. They are often covered with various materials, such as shingles, tiles, or metal, to provide protection against the weather.
The pitch or slope of the roof can be customized to suit architectural preferences and climate considerations, and it can impact the overall aesthetics and functionality of a building.
Everybody need a new house with a classical appearance, roof is the one of the most important part of any building structure that prevents the other structure of building and inhabitant from adverse climatic weather condition and also ensure the privacy for the inhabitants. In earlier time from the beginning of civilization peoples are always looking for or house which built by timber covered with roof to prevent from heavy rainfall and snowfall conditions.
Design and construction of roof is depending on many factors but one of the most common important factor is climatic and weather condition of your surrounding areas, in your cities and countries. The area which has heavy rainfall and snowfall require good drainage for roof, roof drainage depending on slope of the roof provided, based on slope of roof it is categorised into two types flat roof and pitched roof or sloping roof. These are two types of roof structure based on slop.
Flat roof is type of roof in which slope is generally less than 10°, which only enable to ensure adequate drainage of rainwater in low to moderate rainfall regions. Pitched roof is type of roof comprising sloping surface or surface with an angle of usually over 20°, generally it slopes downward in one two or more parts depending on design and construction.
Pitched roof
When you are think about construction of pitched roof, the design of these types of pitch roof is depend on the clametic condition and span of roof and also slope is play a important role to design of pitch for roof in the domestic part like as goodowns, workshops etc of building and mostly used in region having heavy snowfall or rainfall occures.
These types of roofs are appearance a classical look and good feeling, so these are effluently adopted for traditional and modern houses associated with the economically means where the aspect of financial implications is economical.
The pitched roof are most common types of roofs which are a sloping surfaces with an angle of usually over 20 degrees steepness of a roof with it’s vertical rise over its horizontal span in building construction, these are most protective and efficient solution in wet and cold weathers.
Generally a slopping roof is known as pitched roof which is feeling a classical appearance at places where rainfall and snowfall is heavy, these are the effluent ,cheapest and economical alternative for covering the building structure like as most effective and widely used in theater, workshops, godowns, warehouse and hilly regions.
What is pitched roof?
Regarding this, “what is pitched roof?”, it is also known as sloping roof, it’s top surface of a roof is sloping, when they have appearance with only one side slope for small spans room or veramdah that is simplest type of pitched roof, they have also as a form of common type with slopes in two direction which is meet at ridges and four sloping surfaces in four directions which are formed at end faces slope triangles.
The clametic condition of the site, nature of the building, availability of materials, fabrication facilities, roof framework, span and other factors are all responsible for selecting the type of roof covering for a pitched roof, It is designed keeping all these aspects into consideration.
The pitched roof is more suitable in the region where rainfall or snowfall is heavy, sometimes ,in order to dispose off hot air, mostly to provide ventilators on the sloping sides of the roof.
Roof pitch
Roof pitch is defined as the measurement of a roof’s slope which is expressed as the ratio of roof’s vertical rise to horizontal distance that is called run, is known as the roof for pitch.
Roof pitch is determined with the rise to run ratio, in this roof for pitch, run is assuming as 12 inch or 1 feet, that means the ratio consist the details about the amount of the roof rises over a corresponding to 1 foot or 12 inches run.
The determination of roof pitch is also calculated the slope, pitch, angle and rafters length according to the input of roof’s vertical rise and horizontal distance run. In this type of pitched roof the slope of a roof is represented by as X/12, where X is the number of inches in rise for every 12 inches of run that is sometimes called as pitch, angle of a roof is the same as the roof’s slope except it is expressed as a degree, rafter length is represents the length of line L and pitch for roof is the incline of the roof represented as the ratio of rise to the run.
Roof for pitch ratio for a construction of buildings depend on the some factors like as roofing materials and local environment (climate ) conditions help to determine the appropriate amount of roof pitch, due to in fact the roof pitches fall in the range accordance to slope such as moderate, fairly steep and almost flat.
Roof pitch:- in simple word roof pitch is slop created by the rafter it can be calculated as the angle rafter makes with the horizontal or the ratio between the vertical Rise and horizontal run of roof. It can be expressed in in ratio between rise and run in the form of X:12, a pitch of 1:12 means a roof that rises 1 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of run is said to have a “1 in 12” slope or 1/12 pitch for roof.
According to pitch ratio roof can be categorised into following types:-
● Flat roof:- actually flat root are not perfectly flat in nature, it needs a small slope for water runoff, generally these roof have pitch from 1/2:12 to 2/12 (from 4% to 17%, or 2° to 10°).
● low pitched roof:- this type of roof has pitched from 2/12 to 3/12 (from 17% to 25%, or 10° to 18°). These are generally difficult in maintenance and repairing they require special material to avoid leakage.
● Conventional pitched roof:- this type of piched roof are easiest ones to construct and they are safe to walk on. generally these roof have pitch from 4/12:12 to 9/12 (from 33% to 75%, or 18° to 37°).
● High pitched roof:- this have high angle pitch, generally range from 10/12 to 21/12 (from 75% to 175%, or 40° to 60°).
How to figure a pitch on a roof
Regarding this, “how to figure a pitch on a roof?”, is generally calculated by the ratio of roof’s vertical ‘rise’ to horizontal distance “run”, as a form of slope and it’s value is expressed as the X in 12 where X is rise and 12 is run in inch means that for 12″ of horizontal distance the roof will increase in height by rise X” value and also it’s calculation is expressed as a angle which is denoted by degrees.
We will understand the calculation, “how to figure a pitch on a roof?”, of roof for pitch with the examples, a roof that amount of roof’svertical, rises 5 inches for every 12 inches of horizontal as a run has a 5/12 pitch that is also expressed like as ” 5 in 12 ” or “5 over 12” and “5:12”.
How to calculate roof pitch
Regarding this “how to calculate roof pitch/ or how to figure out a pitch on a roof?”, generally roof pitch is calculated from the Pythagoras theorem of right angle formula and you can use following formula and equation to find the length of rafter and pitch for roof or slop
● Rafter^2 = rise^2 + run^2 (by Pythagoras theorem of right angle formula)
● pitch = rise/run (where pitch in express in percentage
● pitch = tan (angle), where angle is pitch of roof expressed in degree.
Pitch of roof calculator/ or pitch roof calculator
● take the measurement of horizontal run length:- it is horizontal distance between roof ridge and wall of building, assuming it is 8 meters
● measure the vertical height of rise of your roof, assuming it is 2 meters.
● Calculate the rafter length, as Rafter^2 = rise^2 + run^2, Rafter^2 = 2^2 + 8^2, Rafter^2 = 4+64, rafter = √68, Rafter = 8.25 meters, hence rafter for ptched roof will be 8.25 meters.
● Calculate the roof pitch as the proportion of rise and run as pitch = rise/ run, pitch = 2/8 = 25%, hence pitch for roof will be 25%.
● Recalculate the value of pitch in angle, as pitch = tan (angle), so angle = arctan (pitch) = arctan (0.25) = 14°, hence pitch for roof will be 14°.
● find the roof pitch is in the form of X:12, as pitch = X/12, so X = pitch × 12 = 0.25 ×12 = 3, hence pitch of your roof will be 3:12, and it can be also express in fraction as 3/12, or in angle as 14°, or in degree as equivalent to 14°.
Pitch for roof
Roof for pitch ratio for a construction of buildings depend on the some factors like as roofing materials and local environment (climate ) conditions help to determine the appropriate amount of roof pitch, due to in fact the roof pitches fall in the range accordance to slope such as moderate, fairly steep and almost flat
Good pitch for roof is generally used in construction is range between 4/12 to 9/12. low slopes roof has the slight angle lower than pitches 4/12 , flat roofs are associated with the pitches lower than 2/12 and steep slope roofs designeted with highly angled that is consist the pitch greater than the 9/12.
Pitch for roof:- most commonly used roof pitches is range between 4/12 to 9/12 or a roof vertical rises 4 to 9 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run. This is standard and good size of roof pitch generally used for construction of residential house, garage, godown, shed, workshop, etc, in degree standard roof pitches fall in a range between 18.43° to 36.87°.
What is a 4/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 4 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “4 in 12” slope or 4/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 18.43°.
What is a 5/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 5 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “5 in 12” slope or 5/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 22.62°.
What is a 6/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 6 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “6 in 12” slope or 6/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 26.27°.
What is a 7/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 7 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “7 in 12” slope or 7/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 30.26°.
What is a 8/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 8 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “8 in 12” slope or 8/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 33.69°.
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What is a 9/12 roof pitches?
Roof that vertical rises 9 inches for every 1 foot or 12 inches of horizontal run is said to have a “9 in 12” slope or 9/12 roof pitch and their pitch roof angle is about 36.82°.
What degrees is a 2/12 pitch roof?
A 2/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 9.46°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 2/12 = 0.1666, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.1666) = 9.46°, thus a fraction 2/12, or “2 in 12” slope, or in ratio 2:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 9.46 degrees.
What degrees is a 3/12 pitch roof?
A 3/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 14.04°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 3/12 = 0.25, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.25) = 14.04°, thus a fraction 3/12, or “3 in 12” slope, or in ratio 3:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 14.04 degrees.
What degrees is a 4/12 pitch roof?
A 4/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 18.43°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 4/12 = 0.33, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.33) = 18.43°, thus a fraction 4/12, or “4 in 12” slope, or in ratio 4:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 18.43 degrees.
What degrees is a 5/12 pitch roof?
A 5/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 22.62°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 5/12 = 0.416, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.416) = 22.62°, thus a fraction 5/12, or “5 in 12” slope, or in ratio 5:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 22.62 degrees.
What degrees is a 6/12 pitch roof?
A 6/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 26.57°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 6/12 = 0.5, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.5) = 26.57°, thus a fraction 6/12, or “6 in 12” slope, or in ratio 6:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 26.57 degrees.
What degrees is a 7/12 pitch roof?
A 7/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 30.26°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 7/12 = 0.583, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.583) = 30.26°, thus a fraction 7/12, or “7 in 12” slope, or in ratio 7:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 30.26 degrees.
What degrees is a 8/12 pitch roof?
A 8/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 33.69°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 8/12 = 0.666, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.666) = 33.69°, thus a fraction 8/12, or “8 in 12” slope, or in ratio 8:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 33.69 degrees.
What degrees is a 9/12 pitch roof?
A 9/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 36.87°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 9/12 = 0.75, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.75) = 36.87°, thus a fraction 9/12, or “9 in 12” slope, or in ratio 9:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 36.87 degrees.
What degrees is a 10/12 pitch roof?
A 10/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 39.81°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 10/12 = 0.833, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.833) = 39.81°, thus a fraction 10/12, or “10 in 12” slope, or in ratio 10:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 39.81 degrees.
What degrees is a 11/12 pitch roof?
A 11/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 42.51°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 11/12 = 0.916, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(0.916) = 42.51°, thus a fraction 11/12, or “11 in 12” slope, or in ratio 11:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 42.51 degrees.
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What degrees is a 12/12 pitch roof?
A 12/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 45°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 12/12 = 1, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1) = 45°, thus a fraction 12/12, or “12 in 12” slope, or in ratio 12:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 45 degrees.
What degrees is a 13/12 pitch roof?
A 13/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 47.29°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 13/12 = 1.08, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.08) = 47.29°, thus a fraction 13/12, or “13 in 12” slope, or in ratio 13:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 47.29 degrees.
What degrees is a 14/12 pitch roof?
A 14/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 49.40°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 14/12 = 1.66, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.66) = 49.40°, thus a fraction 14/12, or “14 in 12” slope, or in ratio 14:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 49.40 degrees.
What degrees is a 15/12 pitch roof?
A 15/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 51.34°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 15/12 = 1.25, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.25) = 51.34°, thus a fraction 15/12, or “15 in 12” slope, or in ratio 15:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 51.34 degrees.
What degrees is a 16/12 pitch roof?
A 16/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 53.13°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 16/12 = 1.33, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.33) = 53.13°, thus a fraction 16/12, or “16 in 12” slope, or in ratio 16:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 53.13 degrees.
What degrees is a 17/12 pitch roof?
A 17/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 54.78°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 17/12 = 1.416, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.416) = 54.78°, thus a fraction 17/12, or “17 in 12” slope, or in ratio 17:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 54.78 degrees.
What degrees is a 18/12 pitch roof?
A 18/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 56.31°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 18/12 = 1.5, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.5) = 56.31°, thus a fraction 18/12, or “18 in 12” slope, or in ratio 18:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 56.31 degrees.
What degrees is a 19/12 pitch roof?
A 19/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 57.72°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 19/12 = 1.58, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.58) = 57.72°, thus a fraction 19/12, or “19 in 12” slope, or in ratio 19:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 57.72 degrees.
What degrees is a 20/12 pitch roof?
A 20/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 59.04°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 20/12 = 1.66, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.66) = 59.04°, thus a fraction 20/12, or “20 in 12” slope, or in ratio 20:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 59.04 degrees.
What degrees is a 21/12 pitch roof?
A 21/12 pitch roof has a pitch angle of 60.26°, to convert pitch ratio or fraction of slope in degrees, follow the steps:- 1) divide the first part of the ratio by 12 to figure out the pitch such as 21/12 = 1.75, find the inverse tangent of pitch to find the angle in degrees such as tan-1(1.75) = 60.26°, thus a fraction 21/12, or “21 in 12” slope, or in ratio 21:12 pitch roof is equivalent to 60.26 degrees.
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Pitch roof angle
Pitch roof angle is described the value of pitch in degrees, it means in simple terms the pitch is ratio of rise to run ( rise/ run), where pitch is expressed in ratio like as 4/12, 5/12, 6/12, 7/12, 8/12, 8/12 etc, where pitch= tan (angle), that is described the angle is the roof pitch expressed in degrees.
We shall understand the calculation of pitch roof angle in simple terms with examples 6:12 roof pitch described the rise to run ratio means that for 12″ of horizontal distance the roof will increase in height by 6″ and this pitch is converted the pitch roof angle that value is 26.57°
Pitch roof angle value is like as follows
Pitch roof angle= 4.76° for 1:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 9.46° for 2:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 14.04° for 3:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 18.43° for 4:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 22.62° for 5:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 26.57° for 6:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 30.26° for 7:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 33.69° for 8: 12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 36.87° for 9: 12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 39.81° for 10:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 42.51° for 11:12 pitch
Pitch roof angle= 45° for 12:12 pitch
Minimum angle for a pitched roof in degrees is considered as 10° means 2:12 pitch and pitch is greater in region of high rain or high snowfall that is considered the pitch roof angle 33° (8:12) and sloping down at perfect 45° angle such as almost flat.
What roof pitch is 10 degree?
A 10° roof pitch is roughly same as 2/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 10° = 0.176, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.176 ×12 = 2, thus, a 10 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 2/12 or “2 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 2:12.
What roof pitch is 20 degree?
A 20° roof pitch is roughly same as 4/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 20° = 0.3639, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.3639 ×12 = 4, thus, a 20 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 4/12 or “4 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 4:12.
What roof pitch is 15 degree?
A 15° roof pitch is roughly same as 3/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 15° = 0.2679, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.2679 ×12 = 3.2, thus, a 20 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 3/12 or “3 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 3:12.
What roof pitch is 25 degree?
A 25° roof pitch is roughly same as 6/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 25° = 0.466, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.466 ×12 = 5.6, thus, a 25 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 6/12 or “6 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 6:12.
What roof pitch is 30 degree?
A 30° roof pitch is roughly same as 7/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 30° = 0.577, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.577 ×12 = 6.9, thus, a 30 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 7/12 or “7 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 7:12.
What roof pitch is 35 degree?
A 35° roof pitch is roughly same as 8/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 35° = 0.7, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.7 ×12 = 8.4, thus, a 35 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 8/12 or “8 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 8:12.
What roof pitch is 37 degree?
A 37° roof pitch is roughly same as 9/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 37° = 0.7535, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.7535 ×12 = 9, thus, a 37 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 9/12 or “9 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 9:12.
What roof pitch is 40 degree?
A 40° roof pitch is roughly same as 10/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 40° = 0.839, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 0.839 ×12 = 10, thus, a 40 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 10/12 or “10 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 10:12.
What roof pitch is 45 degree?
A 45° roof pitch is roughly same as 12/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 45° = 1, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 1 ×12 = 12, thus, a 45 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 12/12 or “12 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 12:12.
What roof pitch is 60 degree?
A 60° roof pitch is roughly same as 21/12 roof pitch. To convert from degree to pitch ratio, you can solve in following ways:- 1) calculate the tangent of the angle, as tan 60° = 1.732, this will give you the pitch of the roof, 2) multiply the pitch by 12 to find the X in the ratio X/12 such as 1.732 ×12 = 20.784, thus, a 60 degree angle of roof pitch is same as 20/12 or “20 in 12” slope, or pitch ratio 20:12.
Parts of Pitched roof
Technical major parts of pitched roofs are follows as-:
1. Battens-: Battens are the thin strips of wood, it is fixed on the rafters or ceiling which is support the roof ceiling.
2. Eaves-: Eaves is a lower edge of a roof which is projecting beyond the supporting walls, it is cover the ends of the common rafters by using a thin board of wood that is known as eaves board.
Eaves are effectively used in rainwater to pour from the roof directly on the exterior wall and also used in to protect the sunlight.
3. Gable -: Gable is a upper part of wall in the triangular formed at the end of sloping roof is known as gable.
4. Hip-: outer angle at the roof slope that angle is formed at the intersection of two roof slopes is called as the hip.
5. Pitch-: pitch is defined as the inclined side of roof to the horizontal plane which is expressed as a degree is known as the pitch, it is determined by ratio of rise to the span.
6. Purlins-: purlins are the horizontal member wooden pieces or steel pieces which are laid on principal rafters on wall to wall to support common rafters of a pitched roof when the carry a long span
7. Rafter-: rafter is a structural components which is extend from the eaves to the ridge, generally rafters are attached to the pitched roof or ridge. Various types of rafters like as common rafters, hip rafters, jack, principal rafters are used side by side with consist of uniformly equal spacing to support the purlins.
8. Dragon beam -: Dragon beam is diagonal structure members which is support the lower end of a hip rafter to support the purlins, it is also known as dragon tie or angle tie.
Types of pitched roof
Depending upon slope, environmental condition, aesthetic appearance, number of slope the pitched roofs are classified into three types as follows-:
1. Single roofs
2. Double or purlin roof
3. Trussed roofs
Single roof
Single roof is defined as the types of roofs in which the common rafters are provided to each slope without any intermediate support, in this type of roof consist the five types of single roof, these are as follows-
1. Lean to roof
2. Couple roof
3. Couple close roof
4. Collar beam roof
5. Collar and scissors roof
Lean to roof
Lean to roof is the simple type of a pitched roof which is associated with only one side of slope in short span room or veramdah, these are also known as the pent roof that is designed the one wall is carried up effluently higher the other one to give required slope to the pitched roof.
Generally, a lean to roof is used for simple type of construction for sheds, outlets attached to main building and used in these domestic properties like as veramdah etc, it is effectively used for a maximum span of 2.40 metres.
Couple roof
Couple roof is the common types of pitched roof which is associated with only two side of slope that is designed the common rafters slope upward from the opposite walls and they meet on a ridge section in the middle, in this type of roof the common rafters are firmly secured in position at the both end that is consist the one end being on the ridge section and other on the wall plate.
Couple close roof
Couple close roof is common type of pitched roof such as similar to a couple roofs except that the legs of the common rafters are connected by a tie beam that is also known as eaves beam which is provide the tendency of security of rafters to spread out and thus the danger of overturning of the wall is avoided.
In the couple close roof, according to requirement the tie beam can also be used in ceiling joist and this type of roof also be used economically upto a span of 4.20 metres.
Collar beam roof
Collar beam roof is a variation of a couple close roof in which the tie beam is raised and placed at a higher level, form of this type of tie beam is known as a collar or collar beam that is effectively use to economize the space and also to increase the height of a roof, in this type of pitch roof can be effluently used upto a maximum span of 4.80 metres.
Collar and scissors roof
Collar and scissors roof is type of pitched roof which is similar to the collar beam roof except that two collar beams are crossing each other to present an appearance of scissors are provided, this type of roof is known as the collar and scissors roof.
Double or purlin roofs
Double or purlin roofs are the type of sloping roof in which the intermediate supports are effectively provided in order to reduce the size of rafters when the required size for the rafters become uneconomical.
In the double or purlin roofs, generally purlins are appearance under the rafters in which each rafter is thus supported at three points at the bottom on wall through the wall plate, at the top by the ridge beam and at the centre by a purlin.
In this type of pitch roof, especially effluent span of the rafter is nearly halved due to fact that this is becomes much lighter than it would be ,if spanked the whole length from eaves to the ridge, it is also sometimes presented to as the rafter and purlin roof, this type of pitched roof is effectively used and economically adopted upto a span of 4.80 metres.
Trussed roofs
Trussed roofs is the type of pitched roof which is consist the framed structure when the span of structure exceeds the 4.80 metres and there are no inside supporting walls or partitions for the purlins.
In the designed of trussed roofs, the roof adopted the three members effectively rafters to supporting the roofing materials, purlins to used for intermediate support and trusses to used for support to the ends of purlins.
The trussed roof provide the space according to the load on the roof, position of cross walls, materials of the truss and span, generally the spacing is provide for upto 3 metres in wooden trusses, it is effectively carry the ridge section and purlin on which the common rafters rest.
Trussed roofs are effectively used in some of th usual forms, these are follows-
1. King post truss
2. Queen post truss
3. Mansard truss
4. Truncated truss
5. Bel fast trust
6. Steel trusses
7. Composite trusses.
King post truss
King post truss is the type of truss roof the central post is called as a King post in which a support for the tie beam with associated inclined members called as the struts, that is prevent the principal rafters from bending in the middle, it is also effectively adopted for King post truss span varying from 5 to 8 metres. In the king post truss span,generally spacing limited to 3 metres centre to centre.
What is a King post truss?
Regarding this, “what is a King post truss?”, King post truss is designed with the members of lower tie beam, two inclined principal rafters, two struts and a King post which is effectively used the purlins support the closely spaced rafters, rafters support the roofcovering construction and tie beam mostly prevents the wall from spreading out due to thrust.
Queen post truss
Queen post truss is the type of truss roof which is differs from a King post truss in having two vertical members that is effluently kept in position of horizontal member through the upper ends of the Queen post, these type of truss are adopted for roof of span varying from 8 m to 12 metres and also a suitable strengthened provided for truss upto a span of 18 metres by using the a convenient combination of King post and Queen post truss.
In the queen post truss, generally the tops are connected by a horizontal member ,this is called as straining beam which is introduced on tie beam to counteract the thrust from compression member and two struts are adopted to join the each queen post to the principal rafters.
Mansard truss
Mansard truss is a type of truss which is the combination of the king post and queen post truss is known as the mansard truss that is designed with two story truss with upper portion consisting of the king post truss and the Lowe portion of Queen post truss.
Mansard truss effectively used in pitched roof with consisting of two pitches, upper pitch in King post truss which is varies from 30° to 40° and the lower pitch in queen post varies from 60° to 70°.
Truncated truss
Truncated truss is the type of pitch roof truss which is similar to the mansard truss except that the top is effectively finished flat with a gentle slope to one side that is effluently used when a room is necessary in the roof.
Bel fast truss
Bel fast truss is a thin section of timber, associated with its top chord curved as a form of a bow which is suitably adopted for long span of 30 metres, this type of truss is effectively carry for light roof covering, this truss is also called as latticed roof truss.
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Steel trusses
Steel trusses is designed with the angles riveted or welded together through the plates for the provide facilities the roof construction, this is effluently and economically suitable for spans greater than 12 metres.
The design of steel trusses is simplified and resist the both stresses compression and tension, the mild steel is easily available in the rolled section of standard shapes and sizes, this fascilaties are effectively used in the roof construction as a form of steel truss.
Steel strusses are commonly used these days for construction in pitched roofs, due to fact that this is economical, easy to fabricate,more rigid, fire proof and permanent and also effluently suitable for construction.
Composite trusses
Composite trusses are the type of pitch roof truss which are composed of steel or wrought iron and wooden members that is light in weight and economical, in this type of truss the steel is used for resist the tensile stresses.
In the composite trusses, the especially fitting are necessary at the junction of steel and timber.